A cavity usually begins with plaque bacteria producing acids that slowly dissolve tooth enamel. Small areas of decay can go unnoticed until they extend into the softer dentin beneath the enamel. If the tooth still has plenty of sound structure, a filling can repair the damage.
The dentist removes the decayed portion of the tooth and any material that is no longer sound. This leaves a clean, carefully shaped area ready for restoration rather than sealing decay beneath the filling.
Tooth-colored composite is bonded into the prepared area, shaped to recreate the original biting surface, and hardened. After the bite is checked and the surface is polished, the tooth can look remarkably close to its original appearance.
These illustrations explain general concepts and do not replace an individual dental evaluation. Implant surgery and root canal treatment are coordinated with outside specialists.